Understanding Parkinson’s Disease

April is Parkinson’s Disease Awareness Month! Let’s learn more about this condition that affects so many people.

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson’s Disease is a brain disorder that affects movement. It happens when certain brain cells, which make a chemical called dopamine, start to die (or are damaged). Dopamine helps control movement. When the body doesn’t have enough dopamine, it becomes harder to move smoothly.

What are the Symptoms?

Here are some common motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease:

• Tremors: Shaking, often in the hands or fingers (and feet). This is often the first sign people notice.
• Slow Movement (Bradykinesia): Everyday tasks like buttoning a shirt or walking can take longer.
• Stiffness (Rigidity): Muscles feel tight and hard to move.
• Balance Problems: It can be hard to stay steady, which can lead to falls.
• Changes in Speech: Talking might become softer or mumbled.
• Changes in Handwriting: Writing might become smaller and harder to read.
• Mask-like facial expression (Hypomimia): Facial expression changes very little or not at all. Also blinking may be less.

While Parkinson’s is known for mostly motor symptoms, it also has non-motor symptoms such as:

• Cognitive Difficulties: Problems with thought and focus (including Parkinson’s-related dementia)

• Mood Problems: Depression and anxiety
• Sleep Problems: Insomnia, restlessness and fatigue

It’s important to know that everyone experiences Parkinson’s differently. Some people may have all these symptoms, while others may only have a few. Also, the progression (stages) can be different for everyone-symptoms can occur slowly and later over time in some or may occur sooner in others.

Who Gets Parkinson’s Disease?

Most people who get Parkinson’s are over 60 years old. But it can happen to younger people too. Men are more likely to get it than women.

What Causes Parkinson’s Disease?

The exact cause of Parkinson’s Disease is not known. It may be due to a mix of genetics and environmental factors.

How is Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosed?

There’s no single test for Parkinson’s Disease. Doctors diagnose it by looking at your symptoms and doing a physical exam. Sometimes brain scans and labs are done to rule out other problems.

How is Parkinson’s Disease Treated?

While there’s no cure for Parkinson’s Disease, there are treatments that can help manage the symptoms. These include:

• Medications: Medicines can help replace dopamine or mimic its effects.
• Therapy: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can help with movement, daily tasks, and communication.
• Surgery: In some cases, a surgery called deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be an option. This involves placing a small device in the brain to help control movement.
• Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep can also help.

Living with Parkinson’s Disease

Living with Parkinson’s Disease can be challenging, but many people live full and active lives. Here are some tips:

• Stay Active: Exercise helps keep muscles strong and improves balance.
• Eat Healthy: A balanced diet provides the nutrients your body needs.
• Get Support: Join a support group to connect with others who understand what you’re going through.
• Talk to Your Doctor: Keep your doctor informed about your symptoms and any changes. Regular medical follow ups with your doctor are key.

Where to Learn More:

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): This website has a lot of information about Parkinson’s Disease. 
• Parkinson’s Foundation: This organization provides support, resources, and research funding for Parkinson’s Disease.

Remember: If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease, it’s important to see a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the condition and improve quality of life.